Multiple sclerosis: clinical aspects

Multiple sclerosis affects every part of the neuraxis and has replaced syphilis as the great mimicker in neurology. In this article, the author describes the entire spectrum of multiple sclerosis signs and symptoms, focal and diffuse brain lesions, look-alike diseases, the overactive immune response, the complex pathology of demyelination, death and dysfunction of oligodendroglia and neurons, MRI and CSF abnormalities, and the treatment of symptoms and course of multiple sclerosis. This revision includes new comments on vitamin D and the immunology, pathology, and benefits and dangers of treatment of multiple sclerosis.